Debt distress in Africa: biggest problems, and ways forward
The ability of countries to manage their debt is complicated by the changing composition of the debt.
The ability of countries to manage their debt is complicated by the changing composition of the debt.
Executive directors must approve all World Bank loans and guarantees, country assistance strategies, the administrative budget of the Bank, and the Bank’s key operational policies and procedures.
Tax evasion does indeed exist, including in a subset of the informal economy.
Given the detrimental effects of IMF programme interruptions for developing countries, it is puzzling that the reform of IMF conditionality is lagging.
Under a new CEO, Rebecca Mbithi, the Family Bank has seen an expansion of its balance sheet.
As soon as the car or a commercial vehicle leaves the showroom, it begins to depreciate quickly. Hence, at the beginning of a loan, the buyer is typically "upside down," or "under water". This means the buyer owes more than the car or vehicle is worth.
South Africans should not view the IMF either as the protagonist in its nightmares, or as its saviour. Instead the country should treat it as it would any other financial institution.